Complementary feeding refers to the gradual introduction of solid and semi-solid foods alongside breast milk or formula from around six months of age. At this stage, an infant’s nutritional requirements exceed what milk alone can provide, necessitating additional sources of iron, zinc, and other essential nutrients for continued growth and brain development.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and most pediatric associations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by the introduction of complementary foods while continuing breastfeeding up to two years or more. Signs of readiness for complementary feeding include the ability to sit with minimal support, diminished tongue-thrust reflex, interest in food, and good head and neck control.

The initial foods should be nutrient-dense, soft, and easy to digest. Iron-fortified cereals, pureed vegetables, mashed fruits, and soft proteins like lentils or pureed meats are commonly recommended. Foods should be introduced one at a time, allowing 3-5 days between new foods to monitor for potential allergies or intolerances.

Hygiene is paramount during complementary feeding. Utensils and preparation surfaces must be clean, and foods should be cooked thoroughly to destroy harmful pathogens. Avoid adding salt, sugar, honey (which can cause botulism), or processed foods. Safe feeding practices include offering age-appropriate textures, avoiding choking hazards like whole grapes or nuts, and ensuring food is served at a safe temperature.

Responsive feeding — where caregivers respond to an infant’s hunger and satiety cues — fosters healthy eating habits and emotional connection. Allowing infants to self-feed, often referred to as baby-led weaning, can encourage independence, hand-eye coordination, and a positive relationship with food. The complementary feeding period is critical for shaping dietary preferences and preventing nutritional deficiencies. Continued breastfeeding or formula feeding remains important during this time, gradually decreasing as the infant’s intake of solid foods increases